Charles holland



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o. HOLLAND.

HYnRocARBoN EURNAGB. A N0. 275,489. Patented Apr. 10,1883.

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No. 275,489. Patented Apr. 10,1883l N. PETERS, Phom-Lnmgrapnsr. washington. n.6.

(No Model.) 3 sheets-sheet 3.

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No. 275.439. Patented Apr. 10,1333. Y zffzgn;

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i UNITED STATES CHARLES HOLLAND,

'PATENTY Grrrcn.

or NEW YORK, N. Y.

i-ivoifiojCAaBoN-ELJRNACE.

sPEcIFrcATIoN feriemgvpertbr Lettere Petenelve. 275,489, dated Aprn 1o, 188e.

l' A'ppneeuen medew-nes, rss2.l (No mener.) V

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, CHARLES HOLLAND, of the city, county, and State of New York, ha've invented certain new and useful Improvements in Hydrocarbon :Furnaces 5 and I do `hereby declare the following to Abe a sufficiently full, clear, and exact description thereofnto enable others' skilled in the art to make anduseithe said invention. A

This invention relates to'th'at class of hydrocarbon-furnaces wherein hydrocarbons are volatilized in retorts located in and heated by the furnace, and water also volatilized and coimmingled in similarly-heated retorts with the hydrocarbon-vapors, and the resultant mixture or compound burned with regulated jets of air in an inclosed combustiouchamber.

This invention has forits object the complete utilization of the combustibles, entire cleanliness of the heating-surfaces of the connected apparatus, andthe avoidance of deleterious or offensive waste products, together with a great simplificationof apparatus, securing a diminution in cost of construction, increased durability, and increased facility of management and control.

The nature of this invention to effect these objects may be briefly stated to consist of an assemblage of upwardly-projecting air-inlet tubes, each tube having a valve at its base,-

and formed with the iioor or bottom of the furnace-chamber, combined with a series of maingaseous-fuel-distributin g pipes having perforated branches or jet-tubes and provided with valves, whereby the gaseous fuel may be supplied to or excluded from any sectionat theoption of the engineer,'the jet-tubes and the ap ertures therein being so located as to deliver the jets of gaseous fuel o bliquely over the airinlet tubes, and a series of retorts, locatedin the furnace, into one or more of which hydrocarbon fluids and water or steam are admitted,

andthe resultant products delivered by a suitable tubeinto the lower part of a second retort or series of Vretorts, into which an additional supply of hydrocarbon uid is introduced, and from which the products of distillation pass by suitable pipes through the fuelfdistributing mains vto the points of combustionY above the air-tubes. rI he arrangement of vvalves for regulating the air-supply and of valves for controlling` theilow of gaseous fuel to thejet-tubes is such# that the fuel and air may be burned under the retorts only as is desirable in starting, and Vmay be admitted to or excluded from the several parts of the furnace, it being important for the successful working of the invention that a proper relation of quantity of hot gaseous fuel presented to each iniowing jetofheated air be maintained.

I will now proceed to particularly describe tbe`mode-of makingand using this invention, referring in so doing to the drawings annexed and the letters of reference marked thereon.

Figure l represents a front view of the apparatus as applied to a locomotive-boiler, the front wall of the furnace being removed; Fig. 2, a side view with the side wall removed. Figs. 3 and 4 are longitudinal and transverse sections, maderespectively in theplanes indicated by the dotted lines x x and y y in Figs. l and '2. Fig. 5 is a top'view with the furnace crown or roofremoved. Fig. 6 is a bottom view, showing' the means of operating the air and fuel valves, and the remaining figures show the several parts in section upon an enlarged scale.

The same lettersl of reference refer to the same part-s in the several figures.

A A are retorts, preferably made of w rough tiron, semi-cylindrical in form, and placed in the furnace C with their convex sides upward. At the lower part of theretorts A A are inserted small tubes A' A', through which water may be introduced -into the retorts, the iiow thereof beingvre'gulated by the valves A3 A3. Another pair of pipes, A2 A2, are connected withthe retorts A A, and convey naplitha or other hydrocarbon'iiuid into the retorts A A, the flow thereof being regulated by the valves A4.A4. Pipes A5 A5 areinserted in the tops of the retorts A A,-and extend into similar retorts, B B, through the tops thereof nearly to the bottoms, as indicated by the dotted lines in Fig. l. Small tubes B B', provided with valves BZ'BZ, are inserted into the retorts B B near the bottom, and serve to admit thereto in regulated quantities a supply of naphtha or other hydrocarbon uid. From the tops of IOO i cranes ter of the furnace, preferably made rectangular in cross-section, and is made in two or more lengths, with valves Dl between them, which are opened or closed, at the option of the engineer, by handles D?, attached to lcvers Di.

The valve D consists of a circular disk attached to a lever or arm turning with an upright spindle, so as to be either closed over the opening in a tlat disl; separating thc sections ofthe pipe D, or to assume a position parallel with the side ofthe pipe, as shown in the enlarged section in Fig. 9.

Into the sides of the gas-main D are inserted at regular intervals horizontal pipes D5, closed at the outer ends, and having perforations D made at regular intervals in them, from which gaseous fuel issues in jets obliquely to the horizontal plane, (an angle of forty-live degrees having been found satisfactory.)

Underneath the gas-pipe D and its branches D5 are placed a series of licor-plates, E, so as to shut up the bottom of the furnace-chamber U. These iioorplates are so fitted to the furnace-walls and to each other as neither to strain nor open air-leaks between them as they expand and contract with changes of temperature, and have perforations E', with short tubes E2 projecting upward therefrom at regular intervals into the furnace O. The location ofthe apertures E and tubes lzare such that the current of' air rising through them intersects two of the jets ot' gaseous fuel issuing from the apertures DGin the contiguous branch gas-pipes D5.

Beneath the plates E are a series of sliding plates, E4, supported upon guides, so as to move longitudinally, and having pert'orations E5, which may be made to coincide with the perforations E in the tloor plates E. The plates E* are arranged in several sections, corresponding in length with the sections ot' the pipe D, so that the air admitted to thejets of gaseous fuel issuing from the branch tube D5 ot' each section of the pipe D can be separately controlled by moving each section of plates E4 by means ofthe separate handles E5, connected thereto by the rods EU.

The operation of the invention is as follows: A small portion of combustible fluid is poured in the furnace upon the plates E, under the retorts A and B, which plates E are at this point, as shown in dotted lines in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, made concave or dished i'or the purpose, and is ignited by a lighted match previously laid under the retorts. The llame from this fluid heats the retort and the valves in the pipe D', and the valves AA1 are opened, admitting naphtha to the retorts A through the pipes A2. A very small amount of wateris admitted through the pipes A to the retorts A by opening the valve A3. The products of the distillation of naphtha and water pass from the retorts A through the pipes A5 into the retorts B, and additional naph tha is ad mitted through the pipes B to the retorts B by opening the valve B2.

The products of this distillation pass from the retorts B bythe pipes B3 and elbows B4 to the gas main D, issue through the apertures D in the pipes D5 under the retorts A and B, and there burn upon meeting the air entering through the tubes E2, and generating intense heat. The retorts A and B having thus attained suiiicient heat, the valves Dare opened, and also the air-valve or sliding plates E4 under the other sections of the pipe D, and the branches Dconnected therewith. Increased supplies of naphtha and water may now be admitted to the retorts A and B, and the furnace-chamber becomes filled with burning gases, generating intense heat, but without much illuminating properties, the appearance of the flames in combustion being at the points of entrance of the air, above the tubes E, in color like the llame of hydrogen and of carbonic oxide. The temperature thus generated is so intense that a less space for a combustionchamber than has heretofore been necessary in steam-boiler and other furnaces sufiices. All portions of the tube-work exposed to temperature being free to expand and contract without strain, the apparatus is durable and remains tight in the joints, and all parts of the apparatus being included in the furnace, the gases are not cooled or the combustion impaired by loss ot' heat through radiation.

It is found experimentally that the products of distillation, passing through the pipe D, do not corrode or impair the valve D or the tubes D5 after first forming a coating thereon by oxidation.

In describing the operation of this invention I have spoken of naphtha as the hydrocarbon supply employed. This is preferable on account of its cheapness and abundance; but other hydrocarbon fluids may be usefully employed instead, and I do not wish to be understood as stating that the utility of the apparatus is restricted to napht-ha.

Indo not claim broadly as part of this inven- .tion the combination of valves for intercepting the flow ot' gas through the longitudinal gas and steam distributing tubes of h ydrocarbon-furnaces, valves of other forms not possessing the same properties appearing in another application (No. 34,750) for Letters Patent to me.

Having described my invention and the mode of making and using the same, what I claim is l. Themethod ol' utilizing hydrocarbon liuids and water by distilling such hydrocarbon uids with water in a retort or retorts and passing the products ot' such distillation into a second retort, and there redistilling them with an additional supply of hydrocarbon liuid, and burning the products ot' such second distillation in an inclosed combustion chamber containing said retorts, with a regulated and distributed supply of air heated during its admission, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. In a furnace heated by the combustion IOS IIO

IIS

with air of the products of distillation of Water strneted and arranged for controlling the airand hydrocarbon fluids in retorts contained admission and gaseous-fuel supply, substantherein, the combination of distributing-pipes tially as and for the purpose set forth. D and valve D', constructed substantially as CHARLES HOLLAND.

5 shown and described, and perforated branch l Witnesses:

ARTHUR FITCH,

WILLIAM E. MASEN.

tubes D5, with the plates E, having tubes E formed thereon, and sliding plates E4, all con- 

